1、 Technical architecture of auto drive system
The landing speed of autonomous driving is directly proportional to the vehicle speed, the degree of openness of the driving environment, as well as the system functions and safety requirements.
In the past two years, passenger car products with advanced autonomous driving (ADAS) have gradually landed, and the products have gradually penetrated from overseas flagship models to domestic brand small and medium-sized passenger car products; The market generally expects that models with L3 functions such as TJP and HWP will gradually land in the next 2 years; The L4/5 model is expected to be launched no earlier than 2025, with the scene gradually shifting from closed driving environments (parks, ports, mines, airports) to urban open road scenes. At that time, vehicles will be fully taken over by the system, and the attributes of vehicle travel tools will be strengthened. As a result, consumer purchasing and travel methods will undergo significant changes.
The auto drive system is composed of the perception layer, the decision-making layer and the executive layer. If the auto drive system is considered as a robot, the perception layer, the decision-making layer and the executive layer represent the eyes/ears, the brain, and the hands and feet of the robot respectively. The current development of autonomous driving technology is limited by the advancement of data, algorithms, as well as hardware such as sensors and computing units. Theoretically, the algorithm is inversely related to the hardware. The stronger the control and perception algorithms are, the lower the dependence on the hardware perception ability is. However, for the sake of safety, robustness and other factors, the more advanced auto drive system will use more powerful high-precision sensing devices and computing units to ensure the absolute safety of the system.
Currently, the mainstream L2.5/3 products are mainly equipped with front facing cameras, surround view cameras, millimeter wave radar, ultrasonic radar, and dedicated onboard computing platforms.
Most manufacturers, due to factors such as cost and technological maturity, have not adopted laser radar. A small number of car companies have equipped their high-end models with forward facing laser radar/infrared cameras, laser ranging sensors, and other sensors to ensure system robustness.